5 Cultural Underlying Values That Shape Our View of Self and Society
Have you ever wondered why people from different countries hold different beliefs and values? Why do they behave differently in given situations? The answer lies in the cultural values ingrained in their upbringing. Culture shapes our views of self and society. It shapes how we interpret and interact with the world around us. In this article, we’ll explore five cultural values that shape our view of self and society.
1. Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualism and collectivism represent two opposite ends of the spectrum. Individualistic cultures prioritize individual needs and goals above those of the group. In contrast, collectivist cultures prioritize the needs and goals of the group over individual aspirations.
In individualistic cultures like the United States, people are encouraged to pursue their own goals. They’re taught to value personal achievement and self-reliance. In contrast, collectivist cultures like Japan emphasize group harmony and loyalty. They prioritize cooperation and collective decision-making.
2. Power Distance
Power distance refers to the distribution of power within a society. In high power distance cultures, people accept and even expect unequal social and economic status. In low power distance cultures, people strive for equality and are uncomfortable with large discrepancies in power.
In high power distance cultures, such as India, respect for authority and hierarchy is deeply ingrained. In contrast, low power distance cultures like Sweden value egalitarianism and emphasize collaboration.
3. Masculinity vs. Femininity
Masculine cultures prioritize competitiveness, assertiveness, and achievement. In contrast, feminine cultures value cooperation, social harmony, and quality of life.
Masculine cultures like the United States and Germany prioritize achievement and competitiveness. In contrast, feminine cultures like the Netherlands and Sweden prioritize cooperation and quality of life.
4. Uncertainty Avoidance
Uncertainty avoidance describes how cultures tolerate ambiguity, risk, and change. In high uncertainty avoidance cultures, people prefer stability, consistency, and predictability. In contrast, low uncertainty avoidance cultures are more comfortable with ambiguity and change.
Countries like Greece, Russia, and Japan have high uncertainty avoidance. In contrast, countries like the United States and Australia have low uncertainty avoidance.
5. Time Orientation
Time orientation describes how cultures view the past, present, and future. In monochronic cultures like the United States, time is viewed as linear and precious. People value punctuality and deadline-driven behavior. In contrast, polychronic cultures like Spain prioritize relationships and flexibility over time.
Understanding cultural values is critical in today’s globalized world. When we recognize that cultural values shape our perceptions of self and society, we can better understand and appreciate the actions of those from other cultures. By recognizing and bridging cultural differences, we can create a more harmonious global community.
