Discover the 13 Intangible Cultural Heritage of India: A Look into the Country’s Diverse Traditions
India is a land of diverse cultures, languages, and traditions. The country boasts an exquisite array of intangible cultural heritage, practices that have been handed down through generations by oral tradition or performative arts. In 2003, UNESCO recognized the importance and richness of India’s cultural heritage and declared 13 of them as the intangible cultural heritage of humanity.
The Oral Tradition of Vedic Chanting
Vedic chanting refers to the recitation of ancient Hindu scriptures, the Vedas. It is a form of oral tradition that has been preserved for centuries and is still practiced in various parts of India. The chants are performed with a particular accent or intonation, which is believed to enhance their effectiveness and healing properties.
Yoga
Yoga is a physical, mental, and spiritual practice that originated in ancient India. Its roots can be traced back to the Indus-Sarasvati civilization, which flourished around 3000 BCE. The practice of yoga involves various physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation, all designed to harmonize the body and mind.
Buddhist Chanting
Buddhist chanting is another form of oral tradition prevalent in India. It involves reciting the hymns and sutras of Buddhism, often accompanied by music and other forms of performing arts. The chanting is believed to have a calming effect on the mind and is often used for meditation and prayer.
Kathakali Dance Drama
Kathakali is a highly stylized form of dance-drama that originated in Kerala, a southern state in India. It involves elaborate costumes, makeup, and storytelling, often depicting stories from Hindu mythology. The dance-drama has evolved over centuries and is now a popular form of cultural entertainment in India and beyond.
Ramlila
Ramlila is a form of folk theater that retells the story of Ramayana, an ancient Hindu epic. The tradition flourishes in northern India and is performed during the festival of Navratri. The actors are often local villagers who put on a spectacular show, attracting large crowds.
Chhau Dance
Chhau dance originated in eastern India and involves martial art movements mixed with rhythmic dance steps. The dance is performed during various festivals and is known for its colorful costumes and energetic movements.
Baul Songs
Baul songs are a form of folk music prevalent in Bengal, a state in eastern India. The songs are often sung by wandering minstrels who use simple instruments and sing about spirituality and love.
Terracotta
Terracotta refers to the art of clay pottery, which has been practiced in India for centuries. The tradition involves creating intricate figurines and other decorative objects using clay, often depicting scenes from mythology.
Chitrakathi
Chitrakathi refers to the art of storytelling using pictures. The tradition originated in western India and involves creating intricate paintings that tell stories from Indian mythology.
Pujas and Festivals
Pujas and festivals are an essential part of Indian culture, with each region having its unique celebrations. The festivals are often associated with religious or agricultural significance and involve various rituals and ceremonies.
Traditional Medicine
Traditional medicine in India has its roots in Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine that has been practiced for centuries. The system involves using natural remedies and herbs to treat various ailments, and its practices have been adopted globally.
Handicrafts
Handicrafts refer to the art of creating decorative objects using traditional methods and materials. The tradition is prevalent in various parts of India and includes textiles, pottery, woodcarving, metalwork, and other crafts.
Jalli Work
Jalli work refers to the intricate carving of stone or wood to create a pattern of tiny holes, creating a delicate lace-like effect. The tradition originated in northern India and is now used in various decorative objects, including windows, screens, and lampshades.
India’s intangible cultural heritage is a treasure trove of knowledge, traditions, and history worth discovering. With UNESCO’s recognition and protection, these traditions will continue to thrive and inspire future generations.
