Discovering Nine Cultural Value Differences Around the World
As human beings, we share a lot in common, but just as true is our diversity, the differences that make us unique. Cultural differences abound, and it’s essential to understand and appreciate them. Doing so can soften prejudices and enhance global relationships. So, let’s have a look at nine cultural value differences that exist around the world.
1. Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualism refers to a cultural value that emphasizes personal achievement, individual initiative and autonomy. The United States, Western Europe and Commonwealth countries are examples of cultures that exhibit individualism.
In contrast, collectivism is the opposite, and it prioritizes group harmony, family and community, and cohesiveness. Countries like China, Japan, Korea and Singapore exhibit collectivist tendencies.
2. Monochronic or Polychronic Time
Time orientation is another cultural value difference that is essential to understand. Monochronic time refers to the concept that time moves in a linear sequence, and it’s something that we can save, waste or spend. Cultures like the US, Japan, Canada and much of Western Europe exhibit monochronic tendencies.
In contrast, polychromic time refers to a culture that traditionally sees time as a flow, a series of events, and they aren’t always strictly structured. Example of a polychronic culture is Latin America, Arab countries and African countries.
3. Materialism vs. Spiritualism
Materialism is the cultural value attached to material possessions as a measure of success or happiness. It’s a Western cultural value, epitomized by consumerism, capitalism and the rapid development of industries.
On the other hand, spiritualism is a cultural value that prioritizes spirituality, well-being and self-actualization. It has roots in Eastern philosophy and religion. It’s a value found in countries like India, Japan and many African countries.
4. Gender Roles
Gender roles are another cultural value difference that crops up around the world. Cultures that prioritize masculine value systems expect men to be assertive, tough and dominant. Communities emphasizing feminine values prioritize harmony, nurturance and cooperation.
Furthermore, LGBT rights and gender roles are not uniform across the world, so it’s imperative to understand the nuances of diverse societies.
5. Social Hierarchy
Social hierarchy is a cultural value that determines the position of individuals and groups based on socioeconomic status, family background and other factors. In high-context cultures like China and Japan, social status and hierarchy are vital, whereas in low-context cultures like Western Europe and North America, individual status and accomplishment are more important.
6. Communication Style
The communication style of a culture will differ from another. High-context cultures like China, Japan, and much of the Middle East value subtleties, facial expressions and non-verbal cues more than precise language. Low-context cultures, like Western Europe and North America, value direct and clear language.
7. Concept of Time
Imagine the idea of deadlines in different cultures. Cultures that view time as a valuable commodity may place significant emphasis on punctuality and deadlines. These cultures include the USA and Germany. Other cultures, such as Mexico and Nigeria, view time as more fluid, flexible and less pressing.
8. Attitudes Towards Change
Attitudes towards change can differ according to the cultural context. Cultures that exhibit high uncertainty avoidance prefer rules, order, and predictability; and are also resistant to change. Examples include Germany and Japan. Low-uncertainty avoidance cultures, such as India and China, are more receptive to change and innovation.
9. Attitudes Towards Collectivism
Collectivism is an attitude towards group loyalty where the welfare of the group or collective is prioritized over the individual. Societies that exhibit low collectivism focus more on individualism and personal achievement. High-Collectivism cultures, such as China, Korea and Japan view the group as the primary unit and emphasize working together for the greater good.
Conclusion
Understanding cultural value differences can feel overwhelming, but it is a critical part of working and living in a global society. Our differences can unite us or divide us, so it is essential to be aware of cultural biases and misconceptions, transcend them, and appreciate the richness of our cultural diversity.
