Formal vs Informal Korean: Understanding the Differences
Do you want to learn Korean language, but are unsure about the formal and informal speech patterns? Understanding the differences between formal and informal Korean can help you communicate effectively, depending on the context you find yourself in. Whether you are traveling, living in Korea, or simply interested in the Korean culture, this guide will provide you insight into the differences between formal and informal Korean and their usage.
Introduction
Korean is a complex language with formal and informal speech patterns appropriate for different situations. Understanding these speech patterns helps you navigate conversations etiquettes, show respect to elders and seniors while using the appropriate language level for your peers and younger people.
Formal Korean
Formal Korean is the language used in formal contexts or professional settings such as business meetings, interviews, formal ceremonies, or speeches. Typically, you would use formal speech when addressing people who are older or hold higher positions than you or those whom you are not familiar with. In these settings, it is essential to show respect and politeness through your speech.
Politeness Level in Formal Korean
There are different forms of formality, and the level of politeness depends on the sentences’ structure and specific honorific verb endings. The highest level of formal language is called “Jondaetmal” (존댓말) and is used when addressing elders, high officials, customers, and strangers. The second level of formal Korean is known as “Haeyo” (해요) and is suitable for addressing people in professional settings, like your boss and colleagues at work. It involves the use of positive, respectful words like “yes” and “please” frequently.
Examples of Formal Korean Phrases
– 안녕하십니까? (Annyeong-hasimnikka?) – Hello (formal)
– 감사합니다. (Gamsahamnida.) – Thank you (formal)
– 잠시만 기다려 주세요. (Jamsiman gidaryeo juseyo.) – Please wait a moment (formal)
– 어디에서 오셨어요? (Eodiseo osyeosseoyo?) – Where are you from? (formal)
Informal Korean
Informal Korean, also known as “Banmal” (반말), is used when speaking with friends, family, or peers. It is a casual style used for informal social interactions, like between close friends or among individuals of the same age and status. However, you should avoid using informal language when speaking with someone who is unfamiliar or in a professional setting.
Politeness Level in Informal Korean
Informal Korean has two levels of politeness. the first level is called “Hae” (해), which is less casual than “Ban-mal” (반말) but still quite informal used interchangeably between close friends of the same age and occasionally between friends. The second level is called “Cham-mal” (참말), which is the most casual form of Korean language and used with the closest friends or family members. It is informal, disrespectful to use Cham-mal when addressing strangers or seniors.
Examples of Informal Korean Phrases
– 안녕! (Annyeong!) – Hi! (informal)
– 고마워. (Gomawo.) – Thank you (informal)
– 이따 봐. (Itta bwa.) – See you later (informal)
– 어디갔다 온거야? (Eodigatda ongeoya?) – Where did you go? (informal)
Conclusion
In conclusion, Korean language has distinct speech patterns with both formal and informal levels of politeness. It is essential to understand the context and choose the appropriate speech formality, depending on who you are speaking to and the situation. By knowing the differences between formal and informal Korean, you can communicate effectively with people of different generations and contexts.
