Understanding Disease Definition: What is a Disease and How is it Diagnosed?
As human beings, we are prone to falling sick, catching infections and developing chronic illnesses. Disease, in general, can be defined as an abnormality of physiological function, structure or behavior that is harmful to the body. It can affect any part of the body and can be caused by a range of factors such as bacteria, viruses, genetics, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
What are the Types of Diseases?
Diseases can be broadly classified into three types: infectious, non-infectious, and genetic.
Infectious Diseases
These are diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Examples include influenza, pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis.
Non-infectious Diseases
These are diseases that are not caused by pathogens but are a result of factors such as lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and genetics. Examples include heart disease, diabetes, cancer and stroke.
Genetic Diseases
These are diseases that are caused by inherited genetic mutations. Examples include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and Down syndrome.
How are Diseases Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of diseases involves a range of tests and procedures, depending on the disease, its symptoms, and the affected organ or system. The most common methods of diagnosis include:
Physical Examination
A physical examination involves observing and examining the body for signs and symptoms of the disease. This may include assessing the body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
Blood Tests
Blood tests are used to check for signs of infection, inflammation, and other abnormalities in the blood. Examples of blood tests include complete blood count (CBC), blood glucose test, and liver function test.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans are used to visualize the internal structures of the body and diagnose diseases.
Biopsy
A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue or cells from the affected area and examining it under a microscope for signs of disease.
Conclusion
In conclusion, diseases are a common occurrence that affects humans. They can be classified into three types: infectious, non-infectious, and genetic. Diagnosis of diseases involves a range of tests and procedures, including physical examinations, blood tests, imaging tests, and biopsies. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve the chances of recovery and prevent complications.
