Understanding FERPA: What is Directory Information and When Can it be Disclosed Without Consent?
When it comes to student data privacy, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is an important law that governs the access and handling of student records. One key aspect of FERPA is the definition of “directory information,” and the rules that govern when it can be released without a student’s consent.
What is Directory Information?
Directory information is a category of student information that is not considered harmful or an invasion of privacy if disclosed to third parties. This information typically includes a student’s name, address, email, phone number, date of birth, major field of study, enrollment status, and dates of attendance.
When Can Directory Information be Disclosed Without Consent?
FERPA allows schools to disclose directory information without a student’s consent, as long as they have given public notice of the types of information that they consider to be directory information and allowed students a reasonable period of time to request that such information not be disclosed.
However, schools must still comply with certain restrictions when disclosing this information. For instance, under FERPA, schools may disclose directory information to school officials who have a legitimate educational interest in the information. This typically includes teachers, administrators, and other staff who need the information to perform their duties.
Directory information may also be disclosed in response to a request from certain third parties, such as government agencies, researchers, or prospective employers. However, schools must generally obtain written or electronic consent from the student before doing so.
Why is Directory Information Important?
While some privacy advocates argue that any disclosure of student information without their consent violates their privacy rights, others argue that directory information is essential for effective communication and services.
For instance, schools rely on directory information to update class rosters, to contact students in case of emergencies, and to send out invitations for job fairs, alumni events, and other activities.
Moreover, directory information can be a valuable resource for employers and others who are looking to hire or work with recent graduates. By providing basic information about a student, such as their degree, major, and honors, directory information can help students stand out in a competitive job market.
Conclusion
Overall, understanding the rules around directory information is an important component of FERPA compliance. Schools should be transparent about what information they consider to be directory information and give students a chance to object. Additionally, they should be aware of the limitations on sharing this information and be cautious about releasing it to third parties without consent. By striking a balance between privacy and access, schools can ensure that directory information is used in a way that benefits students and supports their goals.
