What You Need to Know About Kawasaki Disease: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects young children. It was first described by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967 in Japan and since then its incidence has increased worldwide.
Symptoms
Kawasaki disease has a characteristic set of symptoms that may appear in several phases. During the initial phase, the child develops a high fever that lasts for at least five days. The fever is usually unresponsive to antibiotics and antipyretics.
The second phase involves the onset of symptoms such as conjunctivitis (red eyes), rash, swelling or redness of the lips, tongue, and throat, and swelling of the hands and feet. This phase generally lasts for two to four weeks.
The third phase is marked by the resolution of the fever and the gradual disappearance of the symptoms. However, during this phase, the child is still at risk of developing coronary artery aneurysms, a serious complication of Kawasaki disease that can lead to heart disease later in life.
Treatment
The treatment of Kawasaki disease involves the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin. IVIG is a blood-derived product that contains antibodies, which reduce the inflammation and fever associated with the disease. Aspirin reduces the risk of blood clots and prevents the formation of coronary aneurysms.
In severe cases, the child may require hospitalization, with careful monitoring of their condition, and close monitoring of their vital signs, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram.
Prevention
There is no vaccine for Kawasaki disease, and the exact cause of the disease is unknown. However, there are several preventive measures that parents and caregivers can take to reduce the risk of their child contracting Kawasaki disease. These include good hygiene practices, such as washing hands frequently, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick.
It is also important to ensure that the child is up-to-date on their vaccinations, particularly the flu shot, which can help prevent secondary infections that may exacerbate Kawasaki disease symptoms.
Conclusion
Kawasaki disease is a serious illness that primarily affects young children. While the exact cause of the disease is unknown, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms and seek early treatment to reduce the risk of complications. With proper medical care and support, many children with Kawasaki disease make a full recovery.
